User login
Top 3 things I learned at the PAGS 2016 symposium
The video associated with this article is no longer available on this site. Please view all of our videos on the MDedge YouTube channel
The video associated with this article is no longer available on this site. Please view all of our videos on the MDedge YouTube channel
The video associated with this article is no longer available on this site. Please view all of our videos on the MDedge YouTube channel
VIDEO: HIV PrEP effective, but adoption lags among high-risk patients
NEW ORLEANS – The adoption and use of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) continues to lag behind studies showing its effectiveness in the high-risk population of men who have sex with men, says a clinician who works with these patients.
John Krotchko, MD, a family practitioner at Denver Health and Hospital Authority, has studied the impact of a community outreach program – targeting HIV-negative men who have sex with men – that educates about HIV PrEP and offers HIV testing. He and his colleagues have examined the effectiveness of this approach, how comfortable participants are discussing their behaviors, and have tried to determine whether availability of HIV PrEP increases high-risk behaviors.
Dr. Krotchko and his colleagues also studied overall trends in awareness about PrEP over time, as well as the acceptability of participants to take a once-daily emtricitabine/tenofovir pill. He explained in a video interview why he believes it’s important to manage these patients in a primary care setting. The interview took place at the combined annual meetings of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, the HIV Medicine Association, and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society.
Dr. Krotchko had no relevant financial disclosures.
The video associated with this article is no longer available on this site. Please view all of our videos on the MDedge YouTube channel
NEW ORLEANS – The adoption and use of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) continues to lag behind studies showing its effectiveness in the high-risk population of men who have sex with men, says a clinician who works with these patients.
John Krotchko, MD, a family practitioner at Denver Health and Hospital Authority, has studied the impact of a community outreach program – targeting HIV-negative men who have sex with men – that educates about HIV PrEP and offers HIV testing. He and his colleagues have examined the effectiveness of this approach, how comfortable participants are discussing their behaviors, and have tried to determine whether availability of HIV PrEP increases high-risk behaviors.
Dr. Krotchko and his colleagues also studied overall trends in awareness about PrEP over time, as well as the acceptability of participants to take a once-daily emtricitabine/tenofovir pill. He explained in a video interview why he believes it’s important to manage these patients in a primary care setting. The interview took place at the combined annual meetings of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, the HIV Medicine Association, and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society.
Dr. Krotchko had no relevant financial disclosures.
The video associated with this article is no longer available on this site. Please view all of our videos on the MDedge YouTube channel
NEW ORLEANS – The adoption and use of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) continues to lag behind studies showing its effectiveness in the high-risk population of men who have sex with men, says a clinician who works with these patients.
John Krotchko, MD, a family practitioner at Denver Health and Hospital Authority, has studied the impact of a community outreach program – targeting HIV-negative men who have sex with men – that educates about HIV PrEP and offers HIV testing. He and his colleagues have examined the effectiveness of this approach, how comfortable participants are discussing their behaviors, and have tried to determine whether availability of HIV PrEP increases high-risk behaviors.
Dr. Krotchko and his colleagues also studied overall trends in awareness about PrEP over time, as well as the acceptability of participants to take a once-daily emtricitabine/tenofovir pill. He explained in a video interview why he believes it’s important to manage these patients in a primary care setting. The interview took place at the combined annual meetings of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, the HIV Medicine Association, and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society.
Dr. Krotchko had no relevant financial disclosures.
The video associated with this article is no longer available on this site. Please view all of our videos on the MDedge YouTube channel
AT IDWEEK 2016
VIDEO: New antisense inhibitor nets impressive reductions in lipids
NEW ORLEANS – A new antisense inhibitor to angiopoietinlike protein 3 (ANGPTL3) reduces lipids in healthy adults with elevated triglyceride levels, according to results of a phase I/IIa ascending-dose trial reported at the American Heart Association scientific sessions.
ANGPTL3 regulates lipid and possibly general metabolism through actions in the liver, gut, muscle, and adipose tissue, explained presenting author Sotirios Tsimikas, MD, an investigator with Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, Calif., and a professor of medicine and director of vascular medicine at the University of California, San Diego. Individuals having loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding this protein have very low plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.
In the trial, sponsored by Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 32 healthy volunteers with elevated triglyceride levels were treated with various doses of the antisense inhibitor, called IONIS-ANGPTL3-LRx, or a placebo, given by weekly subcutaneous injections for 6 weeks.
Results showed that participants treated at the higher-dose levels had a reduction from baseline of 66% in triglycerides, 68% in apoliprotein C-III (ApoC-III), 35% in LDL cholesterol, 36% in total cholesterol, and 40% in non-HDL cholesterol, as well as 25% in HDL cholesterol, Dr. Tsimikas reported. They also had reductions in apolipoprotein B (ApoB).
“All these lipid parameters are really going in the right direction in terms of postulating potential clinical benefit,” he commented.
Safety and tolerability results showed that only a single participant experienced a local injection site adverse event related to the inhibitor (erythema and pruritus). None experienced flulike symptoms, platelet reductions, or serious adverse events, and none left the study because of adverse events.
“Among all known therapies that lower triglycerides, this [IONIS-ANGPTL3-LRx] is also associated with a reduction not only in LDL cholesterol levels, but also in ApoB as well, which portends well for future outcomes trials,” noted Dr. Tsimikas.
“We think this is going to be a promising candidate for patients who have uncontrolled LDL cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, and possibly patients who have hepatic steatosis and NASH [nonalcoholic steatohepatitis],” he concluded.
Dr. Tsimikas, who is an employee of and shareholder in the trial’s sponsor, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, discussed his findings in a video interview.
The video associated with this article is no longer available on this site. Please view all of our videos on the MDedge YouTube channel
The trial shows a very clear proof of concept in regards to the effects on lipids.
In contrast to agents that increase LDL receptor levels (statins, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 [PCSK9] inhibitors, bile acid–binding resins, and ezetimibe), IONIS-ANGPTL3-LRx produces greater reductions in non-HDL cholesterol than in LDL cholesterol, suggesting different mechanisms are at work.
But the key issue at this point is to ascertain the longer-term safety of IONIS-ANGPTL3-LRx in the liver and other organs.
One of the most impressive aspects of the combination of biotechnology and genetics is how rapidly you can come to a proof of concept in humans, and this is unprecedented, compared with what we have seen over the last 20 or 30 years. Unfortunately, the determination of safety is not quite as rapid, and it takes large numbers and long duration of follow-up. Obviously, we need that in terms of understanding benefits and risks.
Christie M. Ballantyne, MD, director of the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention at the Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, made these comments as the invited discussant. He has been a consultant to and received research support from trial sponsor Ionis Pharmaceuticals.
The trial shows a very clear proof of concept in regards to the effects on lipids.
In contrast to agents that increase LDL receptor levels (statins, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 [PCSK9] inhibitors, bile acid–binding resins, and ezetimibe), IONIS-ANGPTL3-LRx produces greater reductions in non-HDL cholesterol than in LDL cholesterol, suggesting different mechanisms are at work.
But the key issue at this point is to ascertain the longer-term safety of IONIS-ANGPTL3-LRx in the liver and other organs.
One of the most impressive aspects of the combination of biotechnology and genetics is how rapidly you can come to a proof of concept in humans, and this is unprecedented, compared with what we have seen over the last 20 or 30 years. Unfortunately, the determination of safety is not quite as rapid, and it takes large numbers and long duration of follow-up. Obviously, we need that in terms of understanding benefits and risks.
Christie M. Ballantyne, MD, director of the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention at the Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, made these comments as the invited discussant. He has been a consultant to and received research support from trial sponsor Ionis Pharmaceuticals.
The trial shows a very clear proof of concept in regards to the effects on lipids.
In contrast to agents that increase LDL receptor levels (statins, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 [PCSK9] inhibitors, bile acid–binding resins, and ezetimibe), IONIS-ANGPTL3-LRx produces greater reductions in non-HDL cholesterol than in LDL cholesterol, suggesting different mechanisms are at work.
But the key issue at this point is to ascertain the longer-term safety of IONIS-ANGPTL3-LRx in the liver and other organs.
One of the most impressive aspects of the combination of biotechnology and genetics is how rapidly you can come to a proof of concept in humans, and this is unprecedented, compared with what we have seen over the last 20 or 30 years. Unfortunately, the determination of safety is not quite as rapid, and it takes large numbers and long duration of follow-up. Obviously, we need that in terms of understanding benefits and risks.
Christie M. Ballantyne, MD, director of the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention at the Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, made these comments as the invited discussant. He has been a consultant to and received research support from trial sponsor Ionis Pharmaceuticals.
NEW ORLEANS – A new antisense inhibitor to angiopoietinlike protein 3 (ANGPTL3) reduces lipids in healthy adults with elevated triglyceride levels, according to results of a phase I/IIa ascending-dose trial reported at the American Heart Association scientific sessions.
ANGPTL3 regulates lipid and possibly general metabolism through actions in the liver, gut, muscle, and adipose tissue, explained presenting author Sotirios Tsimikas, MD, an investigator with Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, Calif., and a professor of medicine and director of vascular medicine at the University of California, San Diego. Individuals having loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding this protein have very low plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.
In the trial, sponsored by Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 32 healthy volunteers with elevated triglyceride levels were treated with various doses of the antisense inhibitor, called IONIS-ANGPTL3-LRx, or a placebo, given by weekly subcutaneous injections for 6 weeks.
Results showed that participants treated at the higher-dose levels had a reduction from baseline of 66% in triglycerides, 68% in apoliprotein C-III (ApoC-III), 35% in LDL cholesterol, 36% in total cholesterol, and 40% in non-HDL cholesterol, as well as 25% in HDL cholesterol, Dr. Tsimikas reported. They also had reductions in apolipoprotein B (ApoB).
“All these lipid parameters are really going in the right direction in terms of postulating potential clinical benefit,” he commented.
Safety and tolerability results showed that only a single participant experienced a local injection site adverse event related to the inhibitor (erythema and pruritus). None experienced flulike symptoms, platelet reductions, or serious adverse events, and none left the study because of adverse events.
“Among all known therapies that lower triglycerides, this [IONIS-ANGPTL3-LRx] is also associated with a reduction not only in LDL cholesterol levels, but also in ApoB as well, which portends well for future outcomes trials,” noted Dr. Tsimikas.
“We think this is going to be a promising candidate for patients who have uncontrolled LDL cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, and possibly patients who have hepatic steatosis and NASH [nonalcoholic steatohepatitis],” he concluded.
Dr. Tsimikas, who is an employee of and shareholder in the trial’s sponsor, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, discussed his findings in a video interview.
The video associated with this article is no longer available on this site. Please view all of our videos on the MDedge YouTube channel
NEW ORLEANS – A new antisense inhibitor to angiopoietinlike protein 3 (ANGPTL3) reduces lipids in healthy adults with elevated triglyceride levels, according to results of a phase I/IIa ascending-dose trial reported at the American Heart Association scientific sessions.
ANGPTL3 regulates lipid and possibly general metabolism through actions in the liver, gut, muscle, and adipose tissue, explained presenting author Sotirios Tsimikas, MD, an investigator with Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, Calif., and a professor of medicine and director of vascular medicine at the University of California, San Diego. Individuals having loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding this protein have very low plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.
In the trial, sponsored by Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 32 healthy volunteers with elevated triglyceride levels were treated with various doses of the antisense inhibitor, called IONIS-ANGPTL3-LRx, or a placebo, given by weekly subcutaneous injections for 6 weeks.
Results showed that participants treated at the higher-dose levels had a reduction from baseline of 66% in triglycerides, 68% in apoliprotein C-III (ApoC-III), 35% in LDL cholesterol, 36% in total cholesterol, and 40% in non-HDL cholesterol, as well as 25% in HDL cholesterol, Dr. Tsimikas reported. They also had reductions in apolipoprotein B (ApoB).
“All these lipid parameters are really going in the right direction in terms of postulating potential clinical benefit,” he commented.
Safety and tolerability results showed that only a single participant experienced a local injection site adverse event related to the inhibitor (erythema and pruritus). None experienced flulike symptoms, platelet reductions, or serious adverse events, and none left the study because of adverse events.
“Among all known therapies that lower triglycerides, this [IONIS-ANGPTL3-LRx] is also associated with a reduction not only in LDL cholesterol levels, but also in ApoB as well, which portends well for future outcomes trials,” noted Dr. Tsimikas.
“We think this is going to be a promising candidate for patients who have uncontrolled LDL cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, and possibly patients who have hepatic steatosis and NASH [nonalcoholic steatohepatitis],” he concluded.
Dr. Tsimikas, who is an employee of and shareholder in the trial’s sponsor, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, discussed his findings in a video interview.
The video associated with this article is no longer available on this site. Please view all of our videos on the MDedge YouTube channel
AT THE AHA SCIENTIFIC SESSIONS
Key clinical point:
Major finding: Treatment was associated with reductions in levels of triglycerides (–66%), ApoC-III (–68%), LDL cholesterol (–35%), total cholesterol (–36%), and non-HDL cholesterol (–40%), as well as levels of HDL cholesterol (–25%).
Data source: A phase I/IIa ascending-dose trial among 32 healthy adults with hypertriglyceridemia.
Disclosures: Dr. Tsimikas is an employee of and shareholder in Ionis Pharmaceuticals, which sponsored the trial.
VIDEO: ECG screen for cardiac disease in all youths is cost effective
NEW ORLEANS – Results of a first-of-its-kind nationwide U.K. cardiac disease screening program in the general population of teens and young adults indicate that incorporating a 12-lead ECG alongside history and physical examination not only increases the diagnostic yield for conditions predisposing to sudden cardiac death, but it’s actually cost saving, compared with screening by history and physical exam alone, Harshil Dhutia, MD, said at the American Heart Association scientific sessions.
Current practice in the United Kingdom and most other western countries, including the United States, is to screen for cardiac disease in the general population of young people by history and physical exam alone. Only those with symptoms or a positive family history on the initial screen go on to a more comprehensive evaluation including an ECG. The ECG isn’t part of the initial screen primarily because of cost concerns. However, those concerns are based upon conjecture. The diagnostic and financial implications of routine screening by 12-lead ECG in the general population of young people hadn’t been examined prior to the nationwide U.K. screening program – and the results of the U.K. project indicate it’s time for a change in policy, according to Dr. Dhutia, a cardiology research fellow at St. George’s University in London.
The screening project, known as the Cardiac Risk in the Young Program, included 26,900 subjects aged 14-35 years without known cardiovascular disease who responded to public service announcements and voluntarily presented for screening at schools, community centers, and health centers across the U.K. during 2011-2013. The mean age of the subjects was 19.4 years, roughly two-thirds were male, and 90% were white. All screening was performed by cardiologists who followed the AHA protocol for history-taking, performed the physical exam, and followed the European Society of Cardiology 2010 recommendations for ECG interpretation. Individuals with a positive screen were referred to their local hospital for further investigation. Participants were prospectively followed for 2 years.
“This was the first study of comprehensive cardiovascular screening of young individuals outside competitive sport,” Dr. Dhutia noted.
Among the key findings: 3.5% of subjects were deemed by their screening cardiologist to have an abnormal history and/or physical exam warranting further investigation, 8.1% had an abnormal 12-lead ECG, and 0.5% had both. Overall, 11.7% of subjects underwent echocardiography to confirm or refute a diagnosis of cardiac disease, 1.7% underwent Holter monitoring, 1.7% had an exercise stress test, and 0.9% underwent cardiac MRI.
At 2 years of follow-up, 87 individuals, or 0.3% of the overall study cohort, had been diagnosed with a serious cardiac disease predisposing to sudden cardiac death.
“The vast majority of these individuals were asymptomatic and diagnosed on the basis of an ECG abnormality,” Dr. Dhutia observed.
Indeed, 72 of the 87 patients with serious cardiac disease were diagnosed on the basis on their abnormal ECG. This tool proved particularly helpful in identifying individuals with cardiomyopathies or congenital accessory pathways, such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or long QT syndrome. At 2 years of follow-up, 42 of these 72 patients were on disease-modifying therapies beyond lifestyle interventions, most commonly ablation procedures or antiarrhythmic medication.
The history and physical exam was useful in identifying young people with channelopathies or Marfan syndrome. Roughly half of individuals identified by history and physical exam as having serious cardiac disease were on antiarrhythmic medication – or, less commonly, pacemaker therapy – at 2 years follow-up.
The overall cost per individual screened using history, physical exam, and ECG amounted to $110 on the basis of U.K. National Health Service rates. The cost per serious cardiac condition identified was $33,927. In contrast, the average cost per serious cardiac diagnosis under the current U.K. protocol of screening youth by history and physical exam only is 67% greater, at $56,597.
“Inclusion of ECG to history and physical examination is associated with a significantly improved diagnostic yield and superior economic profile. These findings have the potential to influence health care policy and certainly suggest that the National Health Service framework in the United Kingdom is counterintuitive and may warrant revision,” he concluded.
Session moderator Nisha Parikh, MD, of the University of California, San Francisco, asked if Dr. Dhutia and his coinvestigators had identified any characteristics associated with serious occult cardiac disease in adolescents and young adults that would permit a more refined, selective approach to screening.
Not in the general population of nearly 27,000 subjects in the U.K. study, he replied. Competitive athletes are a different story, though.
“In competitive athletes, certainly individuals who play stop/start sports such as basketball or football [soccer], appear to be at higher risk, especially those of Afro-Caribbean origin. The incidence of sudden cardiac death in Afro-Caribbean basketball players is 1 in 3,000,” according to Dr. Dhutia, who discussed his findings in a video interview.
He reported receiving a small research grant for his study from the Cardiac Risk in the Young Program, a U.K. charitable organization.
The video associated with this article is no longer available on this site. Please view all of our videos on the MDedge YouTube channel
NEW ORLEANS – Results of a first-of-its-kind nationwide U.K. cardiac disease screening program in the general population of teens and young adults indicate that incorporating a 12-lead ECG alongside history and physical examination not only increases the diagnostic yield for conditions predisposing to sudden cardiac death, but it’s actually cost saving, compared with screening by history and physical exam alone, Harshil Dhutia, MD, said at the American Heart Association scientific sessions.
Current practice in the United Kingdom and most other western countries, including the United States, is to screen for cardiac disease in the general population of young people by history and physical exam alone. Only those with symptoms or a positive family history on the initial screen go on to a more comprehensive evaluation including an ECG. The ECG isn’t part of the initial screen primarily because of cost concerns. However, those concerns are based upon conjecture. The diagnostic and financial implications of routine screening by 12-lead ECG in the general population of young people hadn’t been examined prior to the nationwide U.K. screening program – and the results of the U.K. project indicate it’s time for a change in policy, according to Dr. Dhutia, a cardiology research fellow at St. George’s University in London.
The screening project, known as the Cardiac Risk in the Young Program, included 26,900 subjects aged 14-35 years without known cardiovascular disease who responded to public service announcements and voluntarily presented for screening at schools, community centers, and health centers across the U.K. during 2011-2013. The mean age of the subjects was 19.4 years, roughly two-thirds were male, and 90% were white. All screening was performed by cardiologists who followed the AHA protocol for history-taking, performed the physical exam, and followed the European Society of Cardiology 2010 recommendations for ECG interpretation. Individuals with a positive screen were referred to their local hospital for further investigation. Participants were prospectively followed for 2 years.
“This was the first study of comprehensive cardiovascular screening of young individuals outside competitive sport,” Dr. Dhutia noted.
Among the key findings: 3.5% of subjects were deemed by their screening cardiologist to have an abnormal history and/or physical exam warranting further investigation, 8.1% had an abnormal 12-lead ECG, and 0.5% had both. Overall, 11.7% of subjects underwent echocardiography to confirm or refute a diagnosis of cardiac disease, 1.7% underwent Holter monitoring, 1.7% had an exercise stress test, and 0.9% underwent cardiac MRI.
At 2 years of follow-up, 87 individuals, or 0.3% of the overall study cohort, had been diagnosed with a serious cardiac disease predisposing to sudden cardiac death.
“The vast majority of these individuals were asymptomatic and diagnosed on the basis of an ECG abnormality,” Dr. Dhutia observed.
Indeed, 72 of the 87 patients with serious cardiac disease were diagnosed on the basis on their abnormal ECG. This tool proved particularly helpful in identifying individuals with cardiomyopathies or congenital accessory pathways, such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or long QT syndrome. At 2 years of follow-up, 42 of these 72 patients were on disease-modifying therapies beyond lifestyle interventions, most commonly ablation procedures or antiarrhythmic medication.
The history and physical exam was useful in identifying young people with channelopathies or Marfan syndrome. Roughly half of individuals identified by history and physical exam as having serious cardiac disease were on antiarrhythmic medication – or, less commonly, pacemaker therapy – at 2 years follow-up.
The overall cost per individual screened using history, physical exam, and ECG amounted to $110 on the basis of U.K. National Health Service rates. The cost per serious cardiac condition identified was $33,927. In contrast, the average cost per serious cardiac diagnosis under the current U.K. protocol of screening youth by history and physical exam only is 67% greater, at $56,597.
“Inclusion of ECG to history and physical examination is associated with a significantly improved diagnostic yield and superior economic profile. These findings have the potential to influence health care policy and certainly suggest that the National Health Service framework in the United Kingdom is counterintuitive and may warrant revision,” he concluded.
Session moderator Nisha Parikh, MD, of the University of California, San Francisco, asked if Dr. Dhutia and his coinvestigators had identified any characteristics associated with serious occult cardiac disease in adolescents and young adults that would permit a more refined, selective approach to screening.
Not in the general population of nearly 27,000 subjects in the U.K. study, he replied. Competitive athletes are a different story, though.
“In competitive athletes, certainly individuals who play stop/start sports such as basketball or football [soccer], appear to be at higher risk, especially those of Afro-Caribbean origin. The incidence of sudden cardiac death in Afro-Caribbean basketball players is 1 in 3,000,” according to Dr. Dhutia, who discussed his findings in a video interview.
He reported receiving a small research grant for his study from the Cardiac Risk in the Young Program, a U.K. charitable organization.
The video associated with this article is no longer available on this site. Please view all of our videos on the MDedge YouTube channel
NEW ORLEANS – Results of a first-of-its-kind nationwide U.K. cardiac disease screening program in the general population of teens and young adults indicate that incorporating a 12-lead ECG alongside history and physical examination not only increases the diagnostic yield for conditions predisposing to sudden cardiac death, but it’s actually cost saving, compared with screening by history and physical exam alone, Harshil Dhutia, MD, said at the American Heart Association scientific sessions.
Current practice in the United Kingdom and most other western countries, including the United States, is to screen for cardiac disease in the general population of young people by history and physical exam alone. Only those with symptoms or a positive family history on the initial screen go on to a more comprehensive evaluation including an ECG. The ECG isn’t part of the initial screen primarily because of cost concerns. However, those concerns are based upon conjecture. The diagnostic and financial implications of routine screening by 12-lead ECG in the general population of young people hadn’t been examined prior to the nationwide U.K. screening program – and the results of the U.K. project indicate it’s time for a change in policy, according to Dr. Dhutia, a cardiology research fellow at St. George’s University in London.
The screening project, known as the Cardiac Risk in the Young Program, included 26,900 subjects aged 14-35 years without known cardiovascular disease who responded to public service announcements and voluntarily presented for screening at schools, community centers, and health centers across the U.K. during 2011-2013. The mean age of the subjects was 19.4 years, roughly two-thirds were male, and 90% were white. All screening was performed by cardiologists who followed the AHA protocol for history-taking, performed the physical exam, and followed the European Society of Cardiology 2010 recommendations for ECG interpretation. Individuals with a positive screen were referred to their local hospital for further investigation. Participants were prospectively followed for 2 years.
“This was the first study of comprehensive cardiovascular screening of young individuals outside competitive sport,” Dr. Dhutia noted.
Among the key findings: 3.5% of subjects were deemed by their screening cardiologist to have an abnormal history and/or physical exam warranting further investigation, 8.1% had an abnormal 12-lead ECG, and 0.5% had both. Overall, 11.7% of subjects underwent echocardiography to confirm or refute a diagnosis of cardiac disease, 1.7% underwent Holter monitoring, 1.7% had an exercise stress test, and 0.9% underwent cardiac MRI.
At 2 years of follow-up, 87 individuals, or 0.3% of the overall study cohort, had been diagnosed with a serious cardiac disease predisposing to sudden cardiac death.
“The vast majority of these individuals were asymptomatic and diagnosed on the basis of an ECG abnormality,” Dr. Dhutia observed.
Indeed, 72 of the 87 patients with serious cardiac disease were diagnosed on the basis on their abnormal ECG. This tool proved particularly helpful in identifying individuals with cardiomyopathies or congenital accessory pathways, such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or long QT syndrome. At 2 years of follow-up, 42 of these 72 patients were on disease-modifying therapies beyond lifestyle interventions, most commonly ablation procedures or antiarrhythmic medication.
The history and physical exam was useful in identifying young people with channelopathies or Marfan syndrome. Roughly half of individuals identified by history and physical exam as having serious cardiac disease were on antiarrhythmic medication – or, less commonly, pacemaker therapy – at 2 years follow-up.
The overall cost per individual screened using history, physical exam, and ECG amounted to $110 on the basis of U.K. National Health Service rates. The cost per serious cardiac condition identified was $33,927. In contrast, the average cost per serious cardiac diagnosis under the current U.K. protocol of screening youth by history and physical exam only is 67% greater, at $56,597.
“Inclusion of ECG to history and physical examination is associated with a significantly improved diagnostic yield and superior economic profile. These findings have the potential to influence health care policy and certainly suggest that the National Health Service framework in the United Kingdom is counterintuitive and may warrant revision,” he concluded.
Session moderator Nisha Parikh, MD, of the University of California, San Francisco, asked if Dr. Dhutia and his coinvestigators had identified any characteristics associated with serious occult cardiac disease in adolescents and young adults that would permit a more refined, selective approach to screening.
Not in the general population of nearly 27,000 subjects in the U.K. study, he replied. Competitive athletes are a different story, though.
“In competitive athletes, certainly individuals who play stop/start sports such as basketball or football [soccer], appear to be at higher risk, especially those of Afro-Caribbean origin. The incidence of sudden cardiac death in Afro-Caribbean basketball players is 1 in 3,000,” according to Dr. Dhutia, who discussed his findings in a video interview.
He reported receiving a small research grant for his study from the Cardiac Risk in the Young Program, a U.K. charitable organization.
The video associated with this article is no longer available on this site. Please view all of our videos on the MDedge YouTube channel
Key clinical point:
Major finding: The cost of identifying one case of serious cardiac disease predisposing to sudden cardiac death in young people was reduced by 40% when initial screening of the general population ages 14-35 years was conducted by history, physical examination, and 12-lead ECG, compared with no ECG.
Data source: A prospective observational study of nearly 27,000 young people ages 14-35 years in the general population across the United Kingdom who presented for cardiac screening conducted by cardiologists using history, physical examination, and a 12-lead ECG.
Disclosures: The study was funded by the Cardiac Risk in the Young Program, a U.K. charitable organization.
Webcast: Emergency contraception: How to choose the right one for your patient
The video associated with this article is no longer available on this site. Please view all of our videos on the MDedge YouTube channel
Access Dr. Burkman's Webcasts on contraception:
- Contraceptive considerations for women with headache and migraine
- Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism
- Oral contraceptives and breast cancer: What’s the risk?
- Factors that contribute to overall contraceptive efficacy and risks
- Obesity and contraceptive efficacy and risks
- How to use the CDC's online tools to manage complex cases in contraception
Helpful resources for your practice:
- United States Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2016
- United States Medical Eligibility Criteria (US MEC) for Contraceptive Use, 2010
- Summary Chart of US Medical Eligibility for Contraceptive Use
- Book recommendation: Allen RH, Cwiak CA, eds. Contraception for the medically challenging patient. New York, New York: Springer New York; 2014.
The video associated with this article is no longer available on this site. Please view all of our videos on the MDedge YouTube channel
Access Dr. Burkman's Webcasts on contraception:
- Contraceptive considerations for women with headache and migraine
- Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism
- Oral contraceptives and breast cancer: What’s the risk?
- Factors that contribute to overall contraceptive efficacy and risks
- Obesity and contraceptive efficacy and risks
- How to use the CDC's online tools to manage complex cases in contraception
Helpful resources for your practice:
- United States Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2016
- United States Medical Eligibility Criteria (US MEC) for Contraceptive Use, 2010
- Summary Chart of US Medical Eligibility for Contraceptive Use
- Book recommendation: Allen RH, Cwiak CA, eds. Contraception for the medically challenging patient. New York, New York: Springer New York; 2014.
The video associated with this article is no longer available on this site. Please view all of our videos on the MDedge YouTube channel
Access Dr. Burkman's Webcasts on contraception:
- Contraceptive considerations for women with headache and migraine
- Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism
- Oral contraceptives and breast cancer: What’s the risk?
- Factors that contribute to overall contraceptive efficacy and risks
- Obesity and contraceptive efficacy and risks
- How to use the CDC's online tools to manage complex cases in contraception
Helpful resources for your practice:
- United States Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2016
- United States Medical Eligibility Criteria (US MEC) for Contraceptive Use, 2010
- Summary Chart of US Medical Eligibility for Contraceptive Use
- Book recommendation: Allen RH, Cwiak CA, eds. Contraception for the medically challenging patient. New York, New York: Springer New York; 2014.
Robot-assisted laparoscopic resection of a noncommunicating cavitary rudimentary horn
A unicornuate uterus with a noncommunicating rudimentary horn is a rare mullerian duct anomaly (MDA). It often goes undiagnosed due to the absence of functional endometrium in the anomalous horn. However, when the rudimentary horn is lined with endometrium, obstructed menstrual flow can lead to severe cyclic pelvic pain, development of a pelvic mass, and endometriosis from retrograde menstruation. For these reasons, surgical resection is recommended for patients with this anomaly.
In this video the surgical patient is a 15-year-old adolescent with a 1-year history of progressive dysmenorrhea. Imaging studies revealed a noncommunicating cavitary right uterine horn and confirmed a normal urinary tract system.
We present a stepwise demonstration of our technique for surgical resection of a noncommunicating cavitary uterine horn and conclude that robotic surgery is a safe and feasible route for surgical management of this pathology.
I am pleased to bring you this video to kick off the New Year. We are delighted that our work won "Best Video on Robotic Technology" at the annual AAGL meeting in November 2016, and I hope that it is helpful to your practice.

Share your thoughts! Send your Letter to the Editor to rbarbieri@frontlinemedcom.com. Please include your name and the city and state in which you practice.
A unicornuate uterus with a noncommunicating rudimentary horn is a rare mullerian duct anomaly (MDA). It often goes undiagnosed due to the absence of functional endometrium in the anomalous horn. However, when the rudimentary horn is lined with endometrium, obstructed menstrual flow can lead to severe cyclic pelvic pain, development of a pelvic mass, and endometriosis from retrograde menstruation. For these reasons, surgical resection is recommended for patients with this anomaly.
In this video the surgical patient is a 15-year-old adolescent with a 1-year history of progressive dysmenorrhea. Imaging studies revealed a noncommunicating cavitary right uterine horn and confirmed a normal urinary tract system.
We present a stepwise demonstration of our technique for surgical resection of a noncommunicating cavitary uterine horn and conclude that robotic surgery is a safe and feasible route for surgical management of this pathology.
I am pleased to bring you this video to kick off the New Year. We are delighted that our work won "Best Video on Robotic Technology" at the annual AAGL meeting in November 2016, and I hope that it is helpful to your practice.

Share your thoughts! Send your Letter to the Editor to rbarbieri@frontlinemedcom.com. Please include your name and the city and state in which you practice.
A unicornuate uterus with a noncommunicating rudimentary horn is a rare mullerian duct anomaly (MDA). It often goes undiagnosed due to the absence of functional endometrium in the anomalous horn. However, when the rudimentary horn is lined with endometrium, obstructed menstrual flow can lead to severe cyclic pelvic pain, development of a pelvic mass, and endometriosis from retrograde menstruation. For these reasons, surgical resection is recommended for patients with this anomaly.
In this video the surgical patient is a 15-year-old adolescent with a 1-year history of progressive dysmenorrhea. Imaging studies revealed a noncommunicating cavitary right uterine horn and confirmed a normal urinary tract system.
We present a stepwise demonstration of our technique for surgical resection of a noncommunicating cavitary uterine horn and conclude that robotic surgery is a safe and feasible route for surgical management of this pathology.
I am pleased to bring you this video to kick off the New Year. We are delighted that our work won "Best Video on Robotic Technology" at the annual AAGL meeting in November 2016, and I hope that it is helpful to your practice.

Share your thoughts! Send your Letter to the Editor to rbarbieri@frontlinemedcom.com. Please include your name and the city and state in which you practice.